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    30/09/2009

    死亡五步曲

    伊丽莎白-库伯勒-罗丝(Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, July 8, 1926 ~ August 24, 2004)是一位出生于瑞士的美国医生,在1969年出版了她的传世著作“ On Death and Dying”(台湾译本的书名很好,叫《生寄死归》,而大陆译本的书名叫《论死亡和濒临死亡》),被后人称为“生死学的经典”。《时代》杂志曾称她是“20世纪最伟大的思想家之一”。

    库伯勒-罗丝观察到病人面对死亡等灾难时有着不同的反应,她把这些反应划分为五个阶段——被后人称为“库伯勒-罗丝模型”(Kübler-Ross model)。库伯勒-罗丝模型五个阶段包括:

    1. 否认:最初的阶段。“不可能会是这样。”
    2. 愤怒:“你怎么敢这样对我”(对神灵、逝者、自己或是他人)。
    3. 讨价还价:“让我活着看到我的孩子毕业就好。”
    4. 沮丧:“我太难过了,何必还要在乎什么呢?”
    5. 接受:“一切都会好起来的。”

    1. Denial: The initial stage: “It can’t be happening.”
    2. Anger: “Why ME? It’s not fair!” (either referring to God, oneself, or anybody perceived, rightly or wrongly, as “responsible”)
    3. Bargaining: “Just let me live to see my child(ren) graduate.”
    4. Depression: “I’m so sad, why bother with anything?”
    5. Acceptance: “It’s going to be OK.”

    库伯勒-罗丝把该模型应用到所有灾难性的个人损失上(工作、收入、自由),也包括家人的逝去,甚至离婚。她也提出这些阶段不一定按特定顺序发生,病人也不一定会经历其中所有阶段,但是她认为病人至少会经历其中两个阶段。

    其实,死亡尽管是终极困境,但是,人们还是想出了个办法:相信来生来世的存在。

    然而,不考虑死亡,仅仅在今生今世,几乎所有人都要面对的是接受现实所需要承担的痛苦。类比看来,以上五个阶段同样适用。

    愿我能从容接受我不能改变的,敢于去改变我能改变的,也愿我有智慧分辨清楚这之间的区别。

    库伯勒-罗丝说,只有在“接受死亡”之后,一个人才能有尊严地死去。那么我想可能是这样:一个人只有首先接受现实,才能有尊严地活下去.

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    欣 冯wrote:
    魔戒里的甘道夫说过,死亡并不意味着结束,而是另一个新的开始
    1 Oct.

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